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Endnotes

 

     
  1. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General Reports: STL-11052-8-0001, IPE-10753, ATL-11050-8-0001 / (all) September 1998.  
  2. "Operational Plan Using Traditional Census-taking Methods", US Census Bureau, January 1999, VIII-3.  
  3. Building the Census 2000 Foundation: An Update to the Census Advisory Committees, March 16, 1999.  
  4. Ibid.  
  5. Ibid.  
  6. Operational Plan Using Traditional Census-taking Methods, US Census Bureau, January, 1999, VIII-1, 2; US Census Bureau briefing to CMB on Human Resources related issues February 22, 1999.  
  7. NRFU is scheduled to run from April 27 to July 7, 2000.  
  8. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Updated Summary: Census 2000 Operational Plan (Washington, DC, February 1999), 3.  
  9. J. Gregory Robinson and Antonio Bruce, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, The Planning Database: Description and Examples of its Targeting Capability (Washington, DC September 18, 1998 (revised October 5, 998)), 2.  
  10. A census tract is an area containing approximately 4,000 people and 1,700 households.  There are over 60,000 census tracts in the country.  A tract is drawn to group households with common demographic characteristics, and generally represent a neighborhood.  In this discussion of the PDB, "neighborhood" is used interchangeably with "census tract."  
  11. J. Gregory Robinson and Antonio Bruce, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, The Planning Database: Description and Examples of its Targeting Capability (Washington, DC September 18, 1998 (revised October 5, 1998)), 3.  
  12. Ibid., p.4  
  13. Ibid., p.4  
  14. Ibid., p.2  
  15. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Operational Plan Using Traditional Census-Taking Methods (Washington, DC, January 1999), IX-8.  
  16. February 26, 1999 Letter from Census Monitoring Board Liaison to Census Monitoring Board.  
  17. Associate Director of Field Operations, February 22, 1999 briefing to the Board  
  18. Department of Commerce, Office of the Inspector Sacramento Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census Audit Report No. ESD-10784-8-0001 (Washington, DC, September 1998), 8.  
  19. Department of Commerce, Office of the Inspector Columbia Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census Audit Report No. ESD-10783-8-0001 (Washington, DC, September 1998), 11.  
  20. 5 CFR 338.101, 5 CFR 316.601.  
  21. General Accounting Office, General Government Division, 2000l Census – Preparations for Dress Rehearsal Leave Many Unanswered Questions, GAO/GGD-98-74, March 1998, 35.  
  22. U.S. Census Monitoring Board, Public Hearing, 8 March 1999.  
  23. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Dress Rehearsal Report Card – Evaluation of the Standards for Success (Washington, DC, February 1999), 6, 12, 20.  
  24. U.S. Census Monitoring Board, Public Hearing, March 8, 1999.  
  25. H.R. 683.  
  26. 1990 Census of Population and Housing – History, Field Enumeration, p. 6-25.  
  27. Department of Commerce, Office of the Inspector Columbia Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census Audit Report No. ESD-10783-8-0001 (Washington, DC, September 1998), ii.  
  28. U.S. Census Monitoring Board, Public Hearing, March 8, 1999.  
  29. Duane L. Steffey and Norman M. Bradburn, ed., Counting People in the Information Age, Panel to Evaluate Alternative Census Methods, Committee on National Statistics, Committee on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council (Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1994), 82.  
  30. Tim Olsen, Joint Advisory Committees, Meeting on the Census 2000 Partnership Program, U. of MD, College Park, March 15, 1999.  
  31. See Hearing of the Census Monitoring Board, December 16, 1998, pg. 136, testimony of Tom Burruss, “I was pretty upset about the amount of time that I spent working on this and talking to people in a lot of meetings and to see no change made, predominantly because the people that were local here had no real authority to make those changes.”; see also Hearing of the Census Monitoring Board, August 5, 1998, testimony of Anita Floyd, pg. 23, “We started to feel a little bit like all of our work was just kind of a side show, because the stuff that we were feeding to the census people, there was no follow-through.”  
  32. See Hearing of the Census Monitoring Board, December 16, 1998, testimony of Steve Ybarra, 141,“My next-door neighbor, I sent her down to be an enumerator.  The only job she was qualified for was as a file clerk.  Now, how is a student who is fully bilingual and tested in Spanish and English only qualified as a file clerk?; see also Hearing of the Census Monitoring Board, August 5, 1998, testimony of Reggie Alexander, pg. 23”, There appeared to be little effort on the part of the Bureau, with the assistance of the consortium members, to identify and recruit members of special population groups for potential employment.”  This testimony was further substantiated by the Inspector General’s review of enumerator selection and placement.  Sacramento Dress Rehearsal Experience, Report of the Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Commerce, September 1998, pp. 7-9.  
  33. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Stage 1 – The Census Bureau and the Regional Office Training Package” (Washington, DC, 1999),   Tab 2, 3.  
  34. 1990 Procedural History, p. 5-40.  
  35. Ibid. p. 5-39.  
  36. Ibid. p. 5-40.  
  37. Briefing to the Board, Brenda August, Chief of Partnerships Branch, March 15, 1999.  
  38. In FY 98 government specialists were hired and trained along with the first wave of community and media specialists.  
  39. See Section II for a description of the Planning Database.  
  40. Duane L. Steffey and Norman M. Bradburn, ed., Counting People in the Information Age, Panel to Evaluate Alternative Census Methods, Committee on National Statistics, Committee on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council (Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1994), 80.  
  41. Ibid.  
  42. Associate Director for Field Operations, February 22, 1999 briefing to the Board.  
  43. Associate Director for Field Operations, February 22, 1999 briefing to the Board.  
  44. C2PO is the Census Bureau division responsible for the Census 2000 Marketing Program.  
  45. The Field Division of the Census Bureau has the responsibility for all field operations during Census 2000.  
  46. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Sacramento Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census, p. 22.  Audit Report No. ESD-10784-8-0001/September 1998.  
  47. The Census 2000 Language Program: Lowering Barriers to Census Participation, A Business Case Analysis, p. 9.  July 1998.  
  48. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census, p. 20.  Audit Report No. ESD-10783-8-0001/September 1998.  
  49. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Columbia Dress Rehearsal Activities at Menominee Indian Reservation and Chicago Regional Census Center Show That Improvements are Needed for Census 2000, p. 37.  Inspection Report No. IPE-10753/September 1998.  
  50. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Sacramento Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census, p. 21.  Audit Report No. ESD-10784-8-0001/September 1998  
  51. The Census 2000 Language Program: Lowering Barriers to Census Participation, A Business Case Analysis, p. 9.  July 1998.  
  52. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Columbia Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census, p. 20.  Audit Report No. ESD-10783-8-0001/September 1998.  
  53. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Sacramento Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census, p. 20.  Audit Report No. ESD-10784-8-0001/September 1998.  
  54. See Section II for a description of the Planning Database.  
  55. The Census 2000 Language Program: Lowering Barriers to Census Participation, A Business Case Analysis, p. 9.  July 1998.  
  56. March 22, 1999 Memorandum from the Census Bureau to the Census Monitoring Board.  
  57. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Sacramento Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census, p. 21.  Audit Report No. ESD-10784-8-0001/September 1998  
  58. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Sacramento Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census, p. 20.  Audit Report No. ESD-10784-8-0001/September 1998.  
  59. March 22, 1999 Memorandum from the Census Bureau to the Census Monitoring Board.  
  60. U.S. Census Monitoring Board, Public Hearing, 6 November 1998.  
  61. U.S. Census Monitoring Board, Public Hearing, 5 August 1998, 23.  
  62. Department of Commerce, Office of the Inspector Columbia Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census Audit Report No. ESD-10783-8-0001 (Washington, DC, September 1998), 22.  
  63. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Operational Plan – Workflow and Schedule (Washington, DC, March 17, 1999).  
  64. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Columbia Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census, p. 22.  Audit Report No. ESD-10783-8-0001/September 1998.  
  65. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Columbia Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census, p. 23.  Audit Report No. ESD-10783-8-0001/September 1998.  
  66. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Operational Plan – Workflow and Schedule (Washington, DC, March 17, 1999).  
  67. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Columbia Dress Rehearsal Experience Suggests Changes to Improve Results of the 2000 Decennial Census, pp. 20-21.  Audit Report No. ESD-10783-8-0001/September 1998.  
  68. September 30, 1998 Memorandum for George E. Ross, Assistant Inspector General for Auditing from James F. Homes, Acting Director, Bureau of the Census.  p. 3.  
  69. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Dress Rehearsal Report Card – Evaluation of the Standards for Success (Washington, DC, February 1999), 9.  
  70. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Columbia Dress Rehearsal Activities at Menominee Indian Reservation and Chicago Regional Census Center Show That Improvements are Needed for Census 2000, p. 22.  Inspection Report No. IPE-10753/September 1998.  
  71. U.S. Census Monitoring Board, Public Hearing, August 5, 1998, 23.  
  72. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General, Columbia Dress Rehearsal Activities at Menominee Indian Reservation and Chicago Regional Census Center Show That Improvements are Needed for Census 2000, p. 36.  Inspection Report No. IPE-10753/September 1998.  
  73. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census “Census Questionnaire: D-2.” [the long form].  
  74. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Operational Plan Using Traditional Census-Taking Methods (Washington, DC, January 1999).  
  75. American Demographics, May 1997: Disappearing Census Questions by Brad Edmondson.  
  76. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Operational Plan Using Traditional Census-Taking Methods (Washington, DC, January, 1999).  
  77. March 22, 1999 Memorandum from the Census Bureau to the Census Monitoring Board.  
  78. Ibid., p. 6  
  79. Ibid., p. 10.  
  80. March 16, 1999 Memorandum from Census Bureau Director Kenneth Prewitt to Commerce Secretary William Daley.  
  81. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census 2000 Operational Plan Using Traditional Census-Taking Methods (Washington, DC, January 1999).  
  82. The Census 2000 Language Program:  Lowering Barriers to Census Participation, A Business Case Analysis, Bureau of the Census, p. 9.  July 1998.  
  83. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census “1990 Census Questionnaire.”  
  84. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Report to Congress – The Plan for Census 2000 (Washington, DC,  August 1997), 41.  
  85. Ibid.  
  86. “Imputation” means filling in information about a household based on information from neighboring households.  For example, if a household in a predominantly Hispanic neighborhood does not answer the questions about race, the Bureau will likely record that household as Hispanic.  This use of imputation should not be confused with the Bureau’s original plans to sample for non-response follow-up.  
  87. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Updated Summary: Census 2000 Operational Plan (Washington, DC, February, 1999), p. 9.  
  88. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, J. Gregory Robinson and Antonio Bruce, The Planning Database: Description and Examples of its Targeting Capability (Washington, DC September 18, 1998 (revised October 5, 1998)), 7.  
  89. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, General Population Characteristics (Washington, DC, 1990).
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