Bibliography
Archives and Libraries Consulted
Archives of American Art, Washington, DC
Archives of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Hague, Netherlands
Archives of the New York Federal Reserve Bank, New York, NY
American Jewish Historical Archives, New York, NY
American Jewish Committee, New York, NY
American Joint Distribution Committee Archives, New York, NY (AJDC)
Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem, Israel (CAHJP)
Columbia University Law Library, New York, NY
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC
The Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
Harvard University Library, Cambridge, MA
Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
Hungarian National Archives, Budapest, Hungary
The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati, OH (AJA)
Library of Congress, Washington, DC (LC)
National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD (NACP)
National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC
National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
Seely Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
U.S. Army Center of Military History, Washington, DC (CMH)
U.S. Customs Service, Historian's Office, Washington, DC
U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC
U.S. Department of Treasury, Washington, DC
United Nations Archives, New York, NY
Washington National Records Center, Suitland, MD
YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, New York, NY (YIVO)
Record Groups Consulted at the National Archives
RG 28 Post Office Department
RG 36 Office of U.S. Customs
RG 38 Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
RG 39 Bureau of Accounts (Treasury)
RG 43 International Conferences, Commissions, and Expositions
RG 46 U.S. Senate
RG 49 Bureau of Land Management
RG 56 Department of Treasury
RG 59 Department of State & Foreign Affairs
RG 60 Department of Justice
RG 64 National Archives and Records Administration
RG 65 Federal Bureau of Investigation
RG 82 Federal Reserve System
RG 84 Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State
RG 104 U.S. Bureau of the Mint
RG 107 Office of the Secretary of War
RG 131 Office of Alien Property
RG 151 Bureau of Foreign & Domestic Commerce
RG 153 Judge Advocate General
RG 159 Office of the Inspector General (Army)
RG 165 War Department General & Special Staff
RG 200 Gift Record Collection
RG 216 Office of Censorship
RG 218 U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff
RG 226 Office of Strategic Services
RG 238 War Crimes Records
RG 239 American Commission for the Protection & Salvage of Artistic & Historic Monuments in War Areas
RG 260 U.S. Occupation Headquarters, WWII
RG 263 Central Intelligence Agency
RG 265 Foreign Assets Control
RG 299 Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States
RG 319 Army Staff
RG 331 Allied Operational & Occupation Headquarters, WWII
RG 338 United States Army Commands, 1942 -
RG 353 Interdepartmental and Intradepartmental Committees (State Department)
RG 389 Provost Marshal General 1917 -
RG 407 Adjutant General's Office
RG 466 High Commissioner for Germany
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Articles and Manuscripts
"Alien Enemies and Japanese-Americans: A Problem of Wartime Controls." Yale Law Journal 51 (1942): 1317 - 38.
Alk, Isadore, and Irving Moskovitz. "Removal of United States Controls Over Foreign-Owned Property." Federal Bar Journal 10 (1948): 3 - 31.
Banta, Doris. "Alien Enemies: Right to Acquire, Hold, and Transmit Real Property: Recent Change in New York Real Property Law abolishing All Disabilities." Cornell Law Quarterly 30 (1944): 238 - 42.
Bloch, Arthur, and Werner Rosenberg. "Current Problems of Freezing Control." Fordham Law Review 11 (1942): 71 - 87.
Borchard, Edwin. "Nationalization of Enemy Patents." American Journal of International Law 37 (1943): 92 - 97.
Bradsher, Greg. "Nazi Gold: The Merkers Mine Treasure." Prologue: Quarterly of the National Archives and Records Administration 31 (Spring 1999) 7 - 21.
Brandon, Michael. "Legal Control over Resident Enemy Aliens in Time of War in the United States and in the United Kingdom." American Journal of International Law 44 (1950): 382 - 87.
Breitman, Richard, and Shlomo Aronson. "The End of the 'Final Solution'?: Nazi Attempts to Ransom Jews in 1944." Central European History 25 (1992): 177 - 203.
Butler, William. "Proving Foreign Documents in New York." Fordham Law Review 18 (1949): 49 - 71.
Carey, Jane Perry Clark. "Some Aspects of Statelessness since World War I." American Political Science Review 40 (1946): 113 - 23.
Carlston, Kenneth. "Foreign Funds Control and the Alien Property Custodian." Cornell Law Quarterly 31 (1945): 1 - 30.
Carroll, Mitchell. "Legislation on Treatment of Enemy Property." American Journal of International Law 37 (1943): 611 - 30.
"Civil Rights of Enemy Aliens During World War II," Temple University Law Quarterly 17 (1942): 87 - 93.
Davie, Maurice. "Immigrants from Axis-Conquered Countries." The Annals 223 (September 1942): 114 - 122.
Dickinson, John. "Enemy-Owned Property: Restitution or Confiscation?" Foreign Affairs 21 (1943): 126 - 42.
Dulles, John Foster. "The Vesting Powers of the Alien Property Custodian." Cornell Law Quarterly 28 (1943): 245 - 60.
Eagleton, Clyde. "Friendly Aliens." American Journal of International Law 36 (1942): 661 - 63.
Edelheit, Abraham J. "The Holocaust and the Rise of the State of Israel: A Reassessment Reassed." Jewish Political Studies Review 12 (2000): 97 - 112.
Eisner, Frederick. "Administrative Machinery and Steps for the Lawyer." Law and Contemporary Problems 11 (1945): 61 - 75.
Fallon, Francis. "Enemy Business Enterprises and the Alien Property Custodian, I." Fordham Law Review 15 (1946): 222 - 47.
Fallon, Francis. "Enemy Business Enterprises and the Alien Property Custodian, II." Fordham Law Review 16 (1947): 55 - 85.
Fierst, Herbert A. "A View of the Jewish Problem from the Pentagon and State Department, 1945 - 1948." Unpublished transcript of taped memoirs, ca. 1972.
Ford, Alan. "Protection of Nonenemy Interests in Enemy Corporations." California Law Review 40 (1952): 558 - 70.
"Former Enemies May Sue in Court of Claims to Recover Value of Property Unlawfully Vested by Alien Property Custodian." University of Pennsylvania Law Review 106 (1958): 1056 - 60.
Freutel, Edward. "Exchange Control, Freezing Orders and the Conflict of Laws." Harvard Law Review 56 (1942): 30 - 71.
Friedmann, Tuviah. "Das Vermögen der ermorderten Juden Europas." Haifa: Institute of Documentation, 1997.
"Friendly Alien's Right to Sue for Return of Property Seized by Alien Property Custodian." Yale Law Journal 56 (1947): 1068 - 76.
Gordon, Charles. "Status of Enemy Nationals in the United States." Lawyers Guild Review 2 (1942): 9 - 20.
Hofmannsthal, E. von. "Austro-Hungarians." American Journal of International Law 36 (1942): 292 - 94.
Holland, Carolsue, and Thomas Rothbart. "The Merkers and Buchenwald Treasure Troves." After the Battle 93 (1996) 1 - 25.
Jessup, Philip. "Enemy Property." American Journal of International Law 49 (1955): 57 - 62.
Karasik, Monroe. "Problems of Compensation and Restitution in Germany and Austria." Law and Contemporary Problems 16 (1951): 448 - 68.
Lewy, Guenter. "The Travail of the Gypsies." The National Interest (Fall, 1999): 78 - 86.
Littauer, Rudolf. "Confiscation of the Property of Technical Enemies." Yale Law Journal 52 (1943): 739 - 70.
Littauer, Rudolf. "The Unfreezing of Foreign Funds." Columbia Law Review 45 (1945): 132 - 74.
Machlup, Fritz. "Patents." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Vol. 11. New York: Macmillan, 1968.
Marcus, Philip. "The Taking and Destruction of Property Under a Defense and War Program." Cornell Law Quarterly 27 (1942): 317 - 46.
Mason, Malcolm. "Relationship of Vested Assets to War Claims." Law and Contemporary Problems 16 (1951): 395 - 406.
Maurer, Ely. "Protection of Non-Enemy Interests in Enemy External Assets." Law and Contemporary Problems 16 (1951): 407 - 34.
McClure, Wallace. "Copyright in War and Peace." American Journal of International Law 36 (1942): 383 - 99.
Myron, Paul. "The Work of the Alien Property Custodian." Law and Contemporary Problems 11 (1945): 76 - 91.
"New Administrative Definitions of 'Enemy' to Supersede the Trading with the Enemy Act." Yale Law Journal 51 (1942): 1388 - 98.
Perry, Donald. "Aliens in the United States." The Annals 223 (September 1942): 1 - 9.
Pinson, Koppel S. "Jewish Life in Liberated Germany: A Study of the Jewish DP's." Jewish Social Studies 9 (April 1947): 101 - 26.
Polk, Judd. "Freezing Dollars Against the Axis." Foreign Affairs 20 (1) (Oct 1941).
Pratt, Lawrence. "Present Alienage Disabilities under New York State Law in Real Property." Brooklyn Law Review 12 (1942): 1 - 21.
Reeves, William. "The Control of Foreign Funds by the United States Treasury." Law and Contemporary Problems 11 (1945): 17 - 60.
Reeves, William. "Is Confiscation of Enemy Assets in the National Interest of the United States?" Virginia Law Review 40 (1954): 1029 - 60.
"Remedy Available to Alien Friend whose Property has been 'Vested' by Alien Property Custodian." Columbia Law Review 47 (1947): 1052 - 61.
"Return of Property Seized during World War II: Judicial and Administrative Proceedings under the Trading with the Enemy Act." Yale Law Journal 62 (1953): 1210 - 35.
Ristelhueber, Rene. "The International Refugee Organization." International Conciliation 470 (April 1951).
Rubin, Seymour. "Inviolability' of Enemy Private Property." Law and Contemporary Problems 11 (1945): 166 - 82.
Sargeant, Howland, and Henrietta Creamer. "Enemy Patents." Law and Contemporary Problems 11 (1945): 92 - 108.
Sommerich, Otto. "Recent Innovations in Legal and Regulatory Concepts as to the Alien and his Property." American Journal of International Law 37 (1943): 58 - 73.
Staring, Merlin. "The Alien Property Custodian and Conclusive Determinations of Survivorship." Georgetown Law Journal 35 (1947): 262 - 71.
Sterck, Frank, and Carl Schuck. "The Right of Resident Alien Enemies to Sue." Georgetown Law Journal 30 (1942): 421 - 37.
Waite, Robert G. "The Handling of Looted Books in the American Zone of Occupation, 1944 - 1951." U.S. Department of Justice, OSI, Washington, DC, 1998, unpublished.
Warren, George. "The Refugee and the War." The Annals 223 (September 1942): 92 - 99.
Werner, A. M. "The Alien Property Custodian." Wisconsin State Bar Association Bulletin 16 (1943): 12 - 18.
Wilson, Robert. "Treatment of Civilian Alien Enemies." American Journal of International Law 37 (1943): 30 - 45.
Woodward, Kenneth. "Meaning of 'Enemy' Under the Trading with the Enemy Act." Texas Law Review 20 (1942): 746 - 54.
Yudkin, Leon, and Richard Caro. "New Concepts of 'Enemy' in the Trading with the Enemy Act." St. John's Law Review 18 (1943): 56 - 61.
Government Publications
A Decade of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1941 - 1949. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1950.
Bradsher, Greg. Holocaust-Era Assets: A Finding Aid to Records at the National Archives at College Park, Maryland. Washington, DC: NARA, 1999.
Memo to America: Final Report of the United States Displaced Persons Commission. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1952.
Nazi Gold: Transcript of The London Conference. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1997.
Report of The American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1946.
U.S. Alien Property Custodian. Annual Report: Office of Alien Property Custodian. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, for fiscal years ending June30, annually from 1943 through 1945.
U.S. Army, European Command, Historical Division. The First Year of the Occupation. Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany: Office of the Chief Historian, European Command, 1953.
U.S. Justice Department. Annual Report: Office of Alien Property Custodian. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, fiscal year ending June30, 1946.
U.S. Justice Department. Annual Report: Office of Alien Property. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, for fiscal years ending June 30, annually from 1947 through 1971.
U.S. Justice Department. Annual Report of the Attorney General of the United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, for fiscal years ending June 30, annually from 1940 through 1979.
U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Hearings on Administration the Trading with the Enemy Act. 83rd Cong., 1st Sess., February 20, 1953.
U.S. Senate Committee on Military Affairs, Subcommittee on War Mobilization. Hearings on Scientific and Technical Mobilization. 78th Cong., 1st Sess., 1943.
U.S. Senate. Return of Vested Property to Persons not Hostile to the United States: Hearings on H.R. 3750. 79th Cong., 2nd Sess., September 12, 1945, S. Rept. 920.
U.S. State Department. Germany 1947 - 1949: The Story in Documents. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1950.
U.S. State Department. Preliminary Study on U.S. and Allied Efforts To Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II. Coordinated by Stuart E. Eizenstat and prepared by William Z. Slany. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, May 1997.
U.S. State Department. U.S. and Allied Wartime and Postwar Relations and Negotiations with Argentina, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey of Looted Gold and German External Assets and U.S. Concerns About the Fate of the Wartime Ustasha Treasury. Coordinated by Stuart E. Eizenstat and prepared by William Z. Slany. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, June 1998.
U.S. State Department and U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. Proceedings of the Washington Conference on Holocaust-Era Assets, November 30 - December 3, 1998. Coordinated by Stuart E. Eizenstat, Miles Lerman, and Abner J. Mikva; edited by J. D. Bindenagel. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, April 1999.
U.S. State Department and Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. A Decade of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1941 - 1949. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1950.
U.S. Treasury Department, Foreign Funds Control. Administration of the Wartime Financial and Property Controls of the United States Government. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1942.
U.S. Treasury Department, Office of Foreign Assets Control. Blocked Foreign Assets in the United States: Summary Report of 1983 - 84 Census of Blocked Property. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, May 1985.
U.S. Treasury Department. Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of theFinances. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, for fiscal years ending June 30, annually from 1942 through 1949.
U.S. Treasury Department. Census of American-Owned Assets in Foreign Countries. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1947.
U.S. Treasury Department. Census of Foreign-Owned Assets in the United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1945.
U.S. Treasury Department. Customs Bulletin:Treasury Decisions Under Customs and Other Laws, July 1938 - June 1939. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1940.
U.S. Treasury Department. Customs Bulletin:Treasury Decisions Under Customs and Other Laws, July 1943 - December 1944. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1945.
U.S. Treasury Department. Documents Pertaining to Foreign Funds Control. Washington, DC: U.S. Treasury Department, annually from October 1, 1940 through September 15, 1946.