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President's New Freedom
Commission on Mental Health

Achieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health Care in America

1. United States Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General (2001). Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity: A Supplement to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service.

2. Department of Health and Human Services: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2002). National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Volume I. Summary of National Findings; Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Health Problems.

3. Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P. A., Bruce, M. L., Koch, J. R., Laska, E. M., Leaf, P. J. et al. (2001). The prevalence and correlates of untreated serious mental illness. Health Services Research, 36, 987-1007.

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15. Coffey, R. M., Mark, T., King, E., Harwood, H., McKusick, D., Genuardi, J. et al. (2000). National Estimates of Expenditures for Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment, 1997 (Rep. No. SAMHSA Publication SMA-00-3499). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

16. United States Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General (2001). Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity: A Supplement to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service.

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18. United States Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General (1999). Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, U. S. Public Health Service.

19. Mojtabai, R., Olfson, M., & Mechanic, D. (2002). Perceived need and help-seeking in adults with mood, anxiety, or substance use disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 77-84.

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21. Institute of Medicine (2002). Reducing Suicide: A National Imperative. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

22. Hoyert, D. L., Arias, E., Smith, B. L., Murphy, S. L., & Kochanek, K. D. (2001). Deaths: Final Data for 1999. National Vital Statistics Report, 49, 1-113.

23. Center for Disease Control (2001). National Vital Statistics Report, Vol 49(11).

24. Fawzy, F. I., Fawzy, N. W., Hyun, C. S., Elashoff, R., Guthrie, D., Fahey, J. L. et al. (1993). Malignant melanoma. Effects of an early structured psychiatric intervention, coping, and affective state on recurrence and survival 6 years later. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 681-689.

25. Sephton, S. E., Sapolsky, R. M., Kraemer, H. C., & Spiegel, D. (2000). Diurnal cortisol rhythm as a predictor of breast cancer survival. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92, 994-1000.

26. Turner-Cobb, J. M., Sephton, S. E., Koopman, C., Blake-Mortimer, J., & Spiegel, D. (2000). Social support and salivary cortisol in women with metastatic breast cancer. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 337-345.

27. Chochinov, H. M. (2001). Depression in cancer patients. Lancet Oncology, 2, 499-505.

28. Stark, D. P. & House, A. (2000). Anxiety in cancer patients. British Journal of Cancer, 83, 1261-1267.

29. Whyte, E. M. & Mulsant, B. H. (2002). Post stroke depression: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and biological treatment. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 253-264.

30. Ford, D. E., Mead, L. A., Chang, P. P., Cooper-Patrick, L., Wang, N. Y., & Klag, M. J. (1998). Depression is a risk factor for coronary artery disease in men: The precursors study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158, 1422-1426.

31. Frasure-Smith, N., Lesperance, F., Juneau, M., Talajic, M., & Bourassa, M. G. (1999). Gender, depression, and one-year prognosis after myocardial infarction. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61, 26-37.

32. Gupta, A., Pansari, K., & Shetty, H. (2002). Post-stroke depression. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 56, 531-537.

33. deGroot, M., Anderson, R., Freedland, K. E., Clouse, R. E., & Lustman, P. J. (2001). Association of depression and diabetes complications: A meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 619-630.

34. Buck, J. A. (2001). Datapoints: Spending for state mental health care. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1294.

35. Larson, M. J., Farrelly, M. C., Hodgkin, D. I., Miller, K., Lubalin, J. S., Witt, E., & McQuay, L., et al. (1999). Payments and use of services for mental health, alcohol, and other drug abuse disorders: Estimates from Medicare, Medicaid and private health plans. In R.W. Manderschied & M. Henderson (Eds.), Mental Health United States, 1998 (pp. 124-141). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

36. Corrigan, P. W. & Penn, D. L. (1999). Lessons from social psychology on discrediting psychiatric stigma. American Psychologist, 54, 765-776.

37. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2001). National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: Goals and Objectives for Action. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

38. Litts, D. A., Moe, K., Roadman, C. H., & et al. (2000). Suicide prevention among active-duty Air Force personnel--United States, 1990-1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 48, 1053-1058.

39. Beekman, A. T., Deeg, D. J., van Tilburg, T., Smit, J. H., Hooijer, C., & van Tilburg, W. (1995). Major and minor depression in later life: A study of prevalence and risk factors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 36, 65-75.

40. Blazer, D. (1989). Depression in the elderly. New England Journal of Medicine, 320, 164-166.

41. Borson, S., Barnes, R. A., Kukull, W. A., Okimoto, J. T., Veith, R. C., Inui, T. S., et al. (1986). Symptomatic depression in elderly medical outpatients. Prevalence, demography, and health service utilization. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 34, 341-347.

42. Borson, S. (1995). Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.

43. Callahan, C. M., Hui, S. L., Nienaber, N. A., Musick, B. S., & Tierney, W. M. (1994). Longitudinal study of depression and health services use among elderly primary care patients. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 42, 833-838.

44. Oxman, T. E., Barrett, J. E., Barrett, J., & Gerber, P. (1990). Symptomatology of late-life minor depression among primary care patients. Psychosomatics, 31, 174-180.

45. Liberman, R. P., Kopelowicz, A., Ventura, J., & Gutkind, D. (2002). Operational criteria and factors related to recovery from schizophrenia. International Review of Psychiatry, 14, 256-272.

46. Liberman, R. P. & Kopelowicz, A. (2002). Recovery from schizophrenia: A challenge for the 21st century. International Review of Psychiatry, 14, 245-255.

47. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2003). SAMHSA FY 2004 Budget CMHS Community Mental Health Services Block Grant. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Available: http://www.samhsa.gov/budget/content/2004/2004budget-10.htmhttp://www.samhsa.gov/budget/content/2004/2004budget-10.htm

48. Lutterman, T., Hirad, A., & Poindexter, B. (1999). Final Report, Funding Sources and Expenditures of State Mental Health Agencies, Fiscal Year 1997. Alexandria, VA: National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors Research Institute.

49. Social Security Administration. (2002). Table 5.D4 Number, average age, and percentage distribution, by age and sex, December 1957-2001, selected years. In Annual Statistical Supplement, 2002 (pp. 209). Social Security Administration.

50. Social Security Administration. (2002). Table 7.A1 Number of persons receiving federally administered payments, total amount, and average monthly amount, by source of payment, eligibility category, and age, December 2001. In Annual Statistical Supplement, 2002 (pp. 276). Social Security Administration.

51. Social Security Administration. (2002). Table 7.F1.Number and percentage distribution of blind and disabled persons under age 65 receiving federally administered payments and not transferred from prior state programs, by diagnostic group, December 2001. In Annual Statistical Supplement, 2002 (pp. 294). Social Security Administration.

52. Holden, E. W. & Manteuffel, B. (2003). Update on the Progress of the National Evaluation. Paper presented to Council for Collaboration and Coordination. Alexandria, VA.

53. Kaye, H. S. (2002). Employment and Social Participation Among People with Mental Health Disabilities. In San Francisco: CA: National Disability Statistics & Policy Forum.

54. Bailey, E. L., Ricketts, K., Becker, D. R., Xie, H., & Drake, R. E. (1998). Do longer-term day treatment clients benefit from supported employment? Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22, 24-29.

55. Drake, R. E., Becker, D. R., Clark, R. E., & Mueser, K. T. (1999). Research on the individual placement and support model of supported employment. Psychiatric Quarterly, 70, 289-301.

56. Cook, J. A. (2003). Results of a multi-site clinical trials study of employment models for mental health consumers. Employment Intervention Demonstration Program (EIDP). Available: http://www.psych.uic.edu/EIDP/eidp-3-20-03.pdfhttp://www.psych.uic.edu/EIDP/eidp-3-20-03.pdf

57. Wagner, M., D'Amico, R., Marder, C., Newman, L., & Blackorby, J. (1992). What Happens Next? Trends in Postschool Outcomes of Youth with Disabilities. The Second Comprehensive Report from the National Longitudinal Transition Study of Special Education Students. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International.

58. Hecker, D. E. (2001). Occupational employment projections to 2010. Monthly Labor Review, 57-66.

59. Burt, M. R. (2001). What will it take to end homelessness? Urban Institute Brief. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.

60. Burt, M. R., Aron, L. Y., Douglas, T., Valente, J., Lee, E. et al. (1999). Homelessness: Programs and the People They Serve: Findings of the National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients: Technical report. Washington, DC: Interagency Council on the Homeless.

61. Tsemberis, S. & Eisenberg, R. F. (2000). Pathways to housing: Supported housing for street-dwelling homeless individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Services, 51, 487-493.

62. O'Hara, A. & Miller, E. (2001). Priced Out in 2002: The crisis continues.. Available: http://www.c-c-d.org/POin2000.htmlhttp://www.c-c-d.org/POin2000.html

63. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2001). A Report on Worst Case Housing Needs in 1999: New Opportunity Amid Continuing Challenges, Executive summary. Available: http://www.huduser.org/publications/affhsg/wc99.htmlhttp://www.huduser.org/publications/affhsg/wc99.html

64. National Council on Disability. (2001). Reconstructing Fair Housing. Washington, DC: National Council on Disability.

65. Locke, G. & Abt, A. (2000). Assessment of the Loss of Housing for Non-elderly People with Disabilities: Report to Congress: Final Report. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.

66. Beck, A. J., Karsberg, J. C., Harrison, P. M., & Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2002). Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2001 (Rep. No. NCJ 191702). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

67. Beck, A. J. (2002). Jail population growth: National trends and predictors of future growth. American Jails, 9-12.

68. Teplin, L. A. (1990). Policing the mentally ill: Styles, strategies and implications. In H.J. Steadman (Ed.), Jail Diversion for the Mentally Ill: Breaking through the Barriers (pp. 10-34). U.S. Department of Corrections, National Institute of Corrections.

69. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Psychiatric Services in Jails and Prisons: Task Force to Revise the APA Guidelines on Psychiatric Services in Jails and Prisons (Rep. No. 2). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

70. Beck, A. J., Karsberg, J. C., & Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2001). Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2000 (Rep. No. NCJ 185989). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

71. Beck, A. J., & Harrison, P. M. (2001). Prisoners in 2000 (Rep. No. NCJ 188207). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

72. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, & Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2001). National Correctional Population Reaches New High, Grows by 126,400 during 2000 to 6.5 Million Adults. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

73. Teplin, L. A., Abram, K. M., & McClelland, G. M. (1996). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among incarcerated women. I. Pretrial jail detainees. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 505-512.

74. Snyder, H. N. & Sickmund, M. (1999). Juvenile Offenders and Victims:1999 National Report. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

75. Teplin, L. A., Abram, K. M., McClelland, G. M., Duncan, M. K., & Mericle, A. A. (2002). Psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 1133-1143.

76. Lyons, J. S., Baerger, D. R., Quigley, J. E., & Griffin, E. (2001). Mental health service needs of juvenile offenders: A comparison of detention, incarceration, and treatment settings. Children's Services: Social Policy, Research, and Practice, 4, 69-85.

77. Olmstead v. L.C., 527 U. S. 581 (1999).

78. GAO (2003). Federal Agencies Could Play a Stronger Role in Helping States Reduce the Number of Children Placed Solely to Obtain Mental Health Services. Report GAO-03-397.

79. National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (2001). Families on the Brink: The impact of Ignoring Children with Serious Mental Illness. Arlington, VA: National Alliance for the Mentally Ill.

80. Cook, J. A., Carey, M. A., Razzano, L. A., Burke, J. K., & Blyler, C. (2002). The pioneer: The Employment Intervention Demonstration Program. In J.M. Herrell & R. B. Straw (Eds.), Conducting Multiple Site Evaluations in Real-world Settings (pp. 31-44). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

81. United States Department of Education Office of Special Education Programs (2001). Twenty-third Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Results. U.S. Deptartment of Education, Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP).

82. Cook, J. A., Razzano, L. A., & Stration, D. M. (1994). Cultivation and maintenance of relationships with employers of persons with psychiatric disabilities. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 17, 103-116.

83. Diksa, E. & Rogers, E. S. (1996). Employer concerns about hiring persons with psychiatric disability: Results of the Employer Attitude Questionnaire. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 40, 31-44.

84. Baldwin, M. L., & Johnson, W. G. (1998). Dispelling the myths about work disability. In T. Thomason J.F. Burton, & D. Hyatt (Eds.), New Approaches to Disability in the Workplace (pp. 39-62). Madison, WI: Industrial Relations Research Association.

85. Foster, L., Brown, R., Phillips, B., Schore, J., & Carlson, B. J. (2003). Improving the quality of Medicaid personal assistance through consumer direction: Findings from the Arkansas Cash and Counseling Demonstration suggest that giving consumers control over their personal care greatly increases their satisfaction and improves their outlook on life. Health Affairs [Web Exclusive]. Available: http://www.healthaffairs.org/WebExclusives/2203Foster.pdfhttp://www.healthaffairs.org/WebExclusives/2203Foster.pdf

86. Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services & Bureau of Community Mental Health (2001). 2001 Annual Report for Integrated Services Projects. Madison, WI: The Children Come First Advisory Committee.

87. Davidson, L., Chinman, M., Kloos, B., Weingarten, R., Stayner, D., & Tebes, J. (1999). Peer support among individuals with severe mental illness: A review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 6, 165-187.

88. Mowbray, C. T., Moxley, D. P., Jasper, C. A., & Howell, L. L. (1997). Consumers as Providers in Psychiatric Rehabilitation. Columbia, MD: International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services.

89. Campbell, J. (1997). How consumers/survivors are evaluating the quality of psychiatric care. Evaluation Review, 21, 357-363.

90. Campbell, J. (1998). Consumerism, outcomes, and satisfaction: A review of the literature. In Mental Health, United States, 1998 (pp. 11-28). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

91. Rosenheck, R., Morrissey, J., Lam, J., Calloway, M., Johnsen, M., Goldman, H. et al. (1998). Service system integration, access to services, and housing outcomes in a program for homeless persons with severe mental illness. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 1610-1615.

92. Culhane, D. P., Metraux, S., & Hadley, T. (2002). Public service reductions associated with placement of homeless persons with severe mental illness in supportive housing. Housing Policy Debate. Available: http://www.fanniemaefoundation.org/programs/hpd/pdf/hpd_1301_culhane.pdfhttp://www.fanniemaefoundation.org/programs/hpd/pdf/hpd_1301_culhane.pdf

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96. National Commission on Correctional Health Care (2003). Standards for Health Services in Jails. National Commission on Correctional Health Care.

97. National Commission on Correctional Health Care (2003). Standards for Health Services in Prisons. National Commission on Correctional Health Care.

98. Clark, R. E., Ricketts, S. K., & McHugo, G. J. (1999). Legal system involvement and costs for persons in treatment for severe mental illness and substance use disorders. Psychiatric Services, 50, 641-647.

99. Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services & Connecticut General Assembly (2000). Costs and effectiveness of jail diversion. Hartford, CT: Department of Mental Health & Addiction Services.

100. California Department of Mental Health, David, G., Johnson, G., & Mayberg, S. W. (2002). Effectiveness of Integrated Services for Homeless Adults with Serious Mental Illness: A Report to the Legislature as Required by Division 5, Section 5814, of the California Welfare and Institutions Code. Sacramento, CA: California Health and Human Services Agency.

101. GAO (2003). Federal Agencies Could Play a Stronger Role in Helping States Reduce the Number of Children Placed Solely to Obtain Mental Health Services. Report GAO-03-397.GAO (2003).

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103. Melfi, C. A., Croghan, T. W., Hanna, M. P., & Robinson, R. L. (2000). Racial variation in antidepressant treatment in a Medicaid population. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61, 16-21.

104. Manderscheid R.W., Brown, D. Y., Milazzo-Sayre, L. J., & Henderson, M. J. (2002). Crossing the quality chasm of racial disparities. Family Therapy Magazine, 14-17.

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107. Rost, K., Fortney, J., Fischer, E., & Smith, J. (2002). Use, quality, and outcomes of care for mental health: The rural perspective. Medical Care Research and Review, 59, 231-265.

108. Wagenfeld, M. O., Murray, J. B., Mohatt, D. F., & DeBruyn, J. C. (1994). Mental Health and Rural America, 1980-1993: An Overview and Annotated Bibliography. NIH publication #94-3500. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service.

109. McDonnell, K. & Fronstin, P.(1999). EBRI Health Benefits Databook. (1st ed.) Washington, DC: Employee Benefit Research Institute.

110. Mueller, K. J., Patil, K., & Ullrich, F. (1997). Lengthening spells of uninsurance and their consequences. Journal of Rural Health, 13, 29-37.

111. National Advisory Committee on Rural Health. (2002). A Targeted Look at the Rural Health Care Safety Net: A Report to the Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Washington, DC: National Advisory Committee on Rural Health.

112. Bird, D. C., Dempsey, P., & Hartley, D. (2001). Addressing Mental Health Workforce Needs in Underserved Rural Areas: Accomplishments and Challenges. Portland, ME: Maine Rural Health Research Center, University of Southern Maine.

113. Eberhardt, M. S., Ingram, D. D., Makuc, D. M., & et al. (2001). Urban and Rural Health Chartbook. Health, United States, 2001. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics.

114. Jennings, J., Pearson, G., & Harris, M. (2000). Implementing and maintaining school-based mental health services in a large, urban school district. Journal of School Health, 70, 201-205.

115. Shonkoff, J. P. & Phillips, D. A. (2000). From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

116. Pottick, K. J. & Wagner, L. A. (2002). More than 115,000 Disadvantaged Preschoolers Receive Mental Health Services. Update: Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health. Policy report submitted to Annie E. Casey Foundation. Vol 1(2). New Brunswick, NJ: Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers University.

117. Knapp, M., McCrone, P., Fombonne, E., Beecham, J., & Wostear, G. (2002). The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression: Impact of comorbid conduct disorder on service use and costs in adulthood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 19-23.

118. National Advisory Mental Health Council Workgroup on Child and Adolescent Mental Health Intervention and Deployment (2001). Blueprint for Change: Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.

119. Goodman, S. H. & Gottlieb, G. L. (2002). Children of Depressed Parents. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

120. Hammen, C. & Brennan, P. A. (2003). Severity, chronicity, and timing of maternal depression and risk for adolescent offspring diagnoses in a community sample. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 253-258.

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123. United States Department of Health and Human Services (2000). Report of the Surgeon General's Conference on Children's Mental Health.

124. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2002). Report to Congress on the Prevention and Treatment of Co-occurring Substance Abuse Disorders and Mental Disorders. Bethesda, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

125. Watkins, K. E., Burnam, A., Kung, F. Y., & Paddock, S. (2001). A national survey of care for persons with co-occurring mental and substance use disorders. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1062-1068.

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127. Jeste, D. V., Alexopoulos, G. S., Bartels, S. J., Cummings, J. L., Gallo, J. J., Gottlieb, G. L. et al. (1999). Consensus statement on the upcoming crisis in geriatric mental health: Research agenda for the next 2 decades. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 848-853.

128. Druss, B. G., Bradford, W. D., Rosenheck, R. A., Radford, M. J., & Krumholz, H. M. (2001). Quality of medical care and excess mortality in older patients with mental disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 565-572.

129. Luber, M. P., Meyers, B. S., Williams-Russo, P. G., Hollenberg, J. P., DiDomenico, T. N., Charlson, M. E. et al. (2001). Depression and service utilization in elderly primary care patients. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 9, 169-176.

130. Unützer, J., Patrick, D. L., Simon, G., Grembowski, D., Walker, E., Rutter, C. et al. (1997). Depressive symptoms and the cost of health services in HMO patients aged 65 years and older. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 1618-1623.

131. Federation of Families for Children's Mental Health and Keys for Networking. (2000). Blamed and Ashamed: The Treatment Experiences of Youth With Co-occurring Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders and Their Families. Alexandria, VA.

132. Kessler, R. C., Nelson, C. B., McGonagle, K. A., Edlund, M. J., Frank, R. G., & Leaf, P. J. (1996). The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: Implications for prevention and service utilization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 66, 17-31.

133. Regier, D. A., Narrow, W. E., Rae, D. S., Manderscheid, R. W., Locke, B. Z., & Goodwin, F. K. (1993). The de facto U.S. mental and addictive disorders service system. Epidemiologic catchment area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 85-94.

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